Dosing & administration

Bacteriostatic water

Also called: bac water, BWFI

By GLP Index editorial Updated July 17, 2026

Bacteriostatic water is sterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol, a preservative that stops bacteria from growing so a vial can be used for multiple doses over several days. It's used to reconstitute (mix) and dilute powdered or compounded injectable medications, including compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide.

What it is

Bacteriostatic water is plain sterile water with one addition: about 0.9% benzyl alcohol, a mild preservative. “Bacteriostatic” means it holds bacteria static — it doesn’t kill microbes, but it stops them from multiplying, which is what makes a single vial safe to use across multiple doses for roughly 28 days after it’s first punctured.

Where it comes up with GLP-1s

You’ll only encounter bacteriostatic water in the compounded corner of the GLP-1 world. Compounded semaglutide or tirzepatide is often supplied either as a powder that must be reconstituted, or as a concentrate that’s diluted before injecting — and bacteriostatic water is the standard fluid for both. Brand-name products don’t need it, because their pens arrive pre-filled and ready.

Getting the mixing right is where errors happen, and it’s why the arithmetic matters: the volume of water you add determines the concentration, which determines how many units equal your intended dose. The reconstitution calculator does that math. Handling and sourcing sit inside the broader 503B pharmacy and compounding rules, which are worth understanding before going this route.

Learn more

Frequently asked

What is the difference between bacteriostatic water and sterile water?
Sterile water has no preservative, so a vial is single-use. Bacteriostatic water adds benzyl alcohol, which suppresses bacterial growth and lets you safely draw from the same vial multiple times over about 28 days.
Is bacteriostatic water used with brand-name GLP-1 pens?
No. Brand pens like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Zepbound come pre-filled and ready to inject. Bacteriostatic water is only relevant to compounded or powdered medication that has to be mixed before use.

Sources

Every claim on this page traces to primary literature or FDA labeling — browse the full evidence library.

  1. Compounding and the FDA — questions and answers — U.S. Food & Drug Administration
This page is for informational purposes only and isn't medical advice. Talk to a licensed healthcare provider about your situation before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. See our medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Written by the GLP Index editorial team · Updated July 17, 2026 · How we source

Find the right GLP‑1 in 2 minutes

Free · No account · Independent