How GLP-1s work

SGLT2 inhibitor

Also called: gliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors

By GLP Index editorial Updated July 17, 2026

An SGLT2 inhibitor, or "gliflozin," is an oral type 2 diabetes medication that blocks a protein in the kidneys called SGLT2. That makes the kidneys pass excess glucose out in the urine instead of reabsorbing it, lowering blood sugar. It works through the kidneys rather than the gut hormones GLP-1 drugs target, and the two classes are sometimes combined.

What an SGLT2 inhibitor does

SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) is a protein in your kidneys that normally reclaims glucose from urine and returns it to your bloodstream. An SGLT2 inhibitor — the drug class nicknamed “gliflozins” — blocks that protein, so instead of being reabsorbed, extra sugar leaves the body in your urine. The result is lower blood glucose. These are once-daily oral pills used in type 2 diabetes, and some are also prescribed for heart and kidney protection.

Why it comes up alongside GLP-1s

SGLT2 inhibitors sit in the same broad conversation as GLP-1 medications because both are modern options for type 2 diabetes — but they work in completely different places. A GLP-1 drug acts on gut hormones and the brain’s appetite signals; an SGLT2 inhibitor works downstream at the kidneys. Because their mechanisms don’t overlap, they’re sometimes used together, and both are often discussed in the context of insulin resistance and blood-sugar control. The other common pairing you’ll hear about is the DPP-4 inhibitor, which works on the incretin system instead.

What to keep in mind

An SGLT2 inhibitor is not primarily a weight-loss medication — any weight change tends to be modest, and the main job is blood sugar (plus heart and kidney benefits for some people). If your interest is the appetite and weight effects people describe, those belong to the GLP-1 class. Which medication, or combination, fits your situation is a decision for your clinician, who can weigh your blood sugar, other conditions, and goals.

Learn more

Frequently asked

Can you take an SGLT2 inhibitor with a GLP-1 medication?
Sometimes, yes. Because they lower blood sugar through different mechanisms — the kidneys versus the gut-hormone system — clinicians do sometimes prescribe them together for type 2 diabetes. Whether that combination is right for you is a decision for your prescriber.
What's the difference between an SGLT2 inhibitor and a GLP-1 drug?
An SGLT2 inhibitor is a pill that removes sugar through the urine. A GLP-1 receptor agonist mimics a gut hormone to curb appetite and prompt insulin release. Both can help with blood sugar, but GLP-1 medications are the ones associated with meaningful weight loss.

Sources

Every claim on this page traces to primary literature or FDA labeling — browse the full evidence library.

  1. Diabetes overview — NIDDK
  2. GLP-1 agonists — Cleveland Clinic
This page is for informational purposes only and isn't medical advice. Talk to a licensed healthcare provider about your situation before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. See our medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Written by the GLP Index editorial team · Updated July 17, 2026 · How we source

Find the right GLP‑1 in 2 minutes

Free · No account · Independent