How GLP-1s work

GIP

Also called: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide

By GLP Index editorial Updated July 17, 2026

GIP, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is a hormone your gut releases after eating. Along with GLP-1, it's one of the two main incretins — signals that prompt the pancreas to release insulin. GIP matters in the GLP-1 world because tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) is a dual agonist that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors at once.

GIP is a hormone, not a drug

First, the disambiguation: GIP stands for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (an older name is gastric inhibitory polypeptide). It’s a natural hormone your gut releases after eating — not a medication. GIP is one of the two main incretin hormones, the signals that tell the pancreas to release insulin in response to a meal. The other incretin is GLP-1. They’re partners: both are released after food, and both help keep post-meal blood sugar in check.

Why GIP matters in the GLP-1 conversation

For years, GLP-1 got most of the attention while GIP sat in the background. That changed with tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound), which is a dual agonist — a single molecule that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors at the same time. Adding the GIP target is one reason tirzepatide is discussed as a distinct step from GLP-1-only drugs. GIP’s exact contribution is still being studied, and researchers don’t fully agree on every detail of how it aids weight and blood-sugar control — but its inclusion is central to why “GIP/GLP-1” appears in these drugs’ descriptions.

What to keep in mind

You won’t be prescribed “GIP” on its own. Where it shows up is inside combination molecules — most notably tirzepatide — and in the newer triple agonists that target GIP alongside GLP-1 and glucagon. If a medication’s description mentions GIP, it’s telling you the drug leans on this second incretin in addition to GLP-1. For how any specific drug uses it, talk to your prescriber and see the GLP-1 overview.

Learn more

Frequently asked

Is GIP a drug or a hormone?
GIP is a natural hormone your gut makes, not a medication. You won't be prescribed "GIP" by itself — it shows up as a target inside combination drugs like tirzepatide, which activate the GIP receptor alongside the GLP-1 receptor.
What is the difference between GIP and GLP-1?
Both are incretin hormones released after eating that help the pancreas produce insulin. GLP-1 is the one most GLP-1 medications copy. GIP is the second incretin, added as a target in dual agonists like tirzepatide to broaden the effect.

Sources

Every claim on this page traces to primary literature or FDA labeling — browse the full evidence library.

  1. Incretin hormones — their role in health and disease — PubMed
  2. GLP-1 agonists — Cleveland Clinic
This page is for informational purposes only and isn't medical advice. Talk to a licensed healthcare provider about your situation before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. See our medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Written by the GLP Index editorial team · Updated July 17, 2026 · How we source

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